Electric and hybrid automotive technology represents a transformative shift in the automotive industry, aiming to address environmental concerns and enhance energy efficiency. Electric vehicles (EVs) utilize electric motors powered by rechargeable batteries, eliminating the need for traditional internal combustion engines. This paradigm shift offers numerous advantages, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions, lower dependence on fossil fuels, and decreased air pollution. Hybrid vehicles, on the other hand, combine traditional internal combustion engines with electric propulsion systems. This synergy enables improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions by leveraging electric power during low-speed driving or idling, and gasoline power during higher-speed operation. Hybrid technology comes in various forms, such as parallel hybrids, series hybrids, and plug-in hybrids, each offering unique benefits. Key components of electric and hybrid automotive systems include advanced battery technologies, electric motors, power electronics, and sophisticated control systems. Innovations in battery technology, such as lithium-ion batteries, have significantly increased energy density and driving range for electric vehicles. Additionally, advancements in regenerative braking systems allow for the recapture of energy during deceleration, further enhancing overall efficiency. As the automotive industry continues to invest in research and development, electric and hybrid vehicles are becoming more mainstream, with major automakers introducing an increasing number of models to meet consumer demand. Government incentives, environmental regulations, and growing awareness of sustainability are driving the adoption of these technologies, marking a pivotal moment in the evolution of transportation toward a more sustainable and eco-friendly future. In India, the government has implemented several policies and incentives to promote the adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles, aligning with global efforts to reduce emissions and enhance sustainability. The Indian government’s Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME) India scheme plays a pivotal role by providing financial incentives to accelerate the adoption of these vehicles and encourage domestic manufacturing of related technologies. This includes subsidies on the purchase price and reductions in Goods and Services Tax (GST) for electric vehicles, making them more price-competitive. Various states in India offer additional incentives such as reduced road taxes and registration fees, further encouraging consumers to choose electric and hybrid options. The government is also investing in the development of charging infrastructure, addressing range anxiety and facilitating convenient charging for electric vehicle owners across urban and rural areas. Additionally, there is a concerted effort to electrify public transportation, with incentives for adopting electric buses and two-wheelers. Electric vehicles are often recognized by distinctive green number plates, providing owners with special privileges such as preferential parking and access to specific lanes. These comprehensive measures at both the national and state levels aim to create a conducive environment for the widespread adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles in India, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable future for the transportation sector.